The sturgeon on the picture is not the sturgeon in the story
Photo by NOAA

A four year old boy got his arm broken by a jumping sturgeon on the Suwannee River on September 7. At the same time, the boy’s father was cut by the fish. According to the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, witnesses observed the family’s boat moving through the water at about 30 miles per hour when a three to four foot long sturgeon jumped up from the water in front of the craft. The sturgeon shattered the boat’s windshield and cut 32-year old Christopher Howard before smashing into his four year old son Chandler Howard. The impact was severe enough to break the arm of the young boy.

The Suwannee River is home to a major sturgeon population. According to state biologists, about 6,500-7,000 specimens spend up to 9 months per year in the river. Since their average weight is 40 lbs (18 kg) and the largest specimens caught in the Suwannee weigh about 200 lbs (90 kg), these sturgeons can cause serious injury to humans when jumping up from the water at high speed.

Fifteen-year old Seth Russell was floating down Lake Chicot in Arkansas on an inner tube being towed by a boat when a carp suddenly leaped out of the water and crashed into his face. The impact was severe enough to render the boy unconscious and break his jaw, but the experience must have even worse for the fish because Russell was covered in fish blood and guts after the accident.

The carp in question was a Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This fish is not native to the United States; it originates from north and northeast Asia. During the 1970’s Silver carps were deliberately introduced to U.S. waters to control algae growth in aquacultures and municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Specimens soon began to escape into other bodies of water and Silver carps can today be found in the Mississippi, Illinois, Ohio and Missouri rivers and many of their tributaries.

This shows that invasive species doesn’t have to be a direct problem for animals and plants in the area only; some can actually cause direct harm to people as well. The Silver carp has earned the nick-name Flying carp for is propensity to leap from the water when frightened. It can leap 3 meters / 10 feet high in the air and is certainly not something you wish to crash into since it can attain a weight of 18 kg / 40 lbs.

Two new species of fish has been scientifically described and named: Glyptothorax filicatus and Glyptothorax strabonis. The genus Glyptothorax is a part of the family Sisoridae in the catfish order Siluriformes, and the most species-rich and widely distributed genus of the entire family.

The new species both hail from Vietnam and were described by Heok Hee Ng[1] and Jörg Freyhof[2]. Glyptothorax species typically live in fast flowing hillstreams or faster-flowing stretches of larger rivers, and the two new species are no exceptions – they have both been described from the rivers draining the Annam Cordilleras in central Vietnam.

Glyptothorax filicatus can be distinguished from its close relatives in Indochina on the diverging pattern of striae that runs along the edges of the central depression in the thoracic adhesive apparatus, while Glyptothorax strabonis is recognized on its very small eyes.

As an adaptation to a life in fast moving waters, members of the Glyptothorax all have an adhesive apparatus on the body, commonly known as a “sucker”. An adhesive apparatus comes in handy when you live in fast flowing waters since it makes it possible to “suck” yourself to a surface, e.g. a rock, and avoid being swept away by the current. Members of the genus Glyptothorax are equipped with an adhesive apparatus on the thorax with grooves parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. This separates them from the other genera in the family since those fishes have no thoracic adhesive apparatus at all or a thoracic adhesive apparatus with grooves that runs transverse to the longitudinal axis of body.

The young white shark brought to the Monterey Bay Aquarium on August 27 has now been released back into the wild after 11 days on exhibit. She was captured on August 16 in Santa Monica Bay and has now been safely returned to the same waters. During her stay at the Monterey Bay Aquarium she lived in their million-gallon Outer Bay exhibit, but despite her relatively roomy accommodation she only fed once and the staff decided that she would be better of in the wild.

A white shark

“These decisions are always governed by our concern for the health and well-being of these animals under our care,” says Jon Hoech, director of husbandry for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.

On September 7, the young female was released in offshore waters in the Santa Barbara Channel at 1:30 p.m. (Pacific Time). Before being released, she was tagged with a tracking device that will provide researchers with data on her life in the ocean. For 148 days, the pop-up tag will collect information about geographical location, depths, and water temperature. After this period, the tag will pop free and deliver the collected data via satellite.

As of now, a total of four White Sharks with tracking tags have been released from the Monterey Bay Aquarium. The three other sharks did however stay longer at the aquarium before going a back to the wild; between four and six months. Together with their research partners, the Monterey Bay Aquarium has tagged and tracked 18 juvenile white sharks off Southern California as a part of their “White Shark Conservation Research Project”. The aquarium is also involved in the project “Tagging of Pacific Predators” (TOPP) led by Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station, which has tracked 143 adult white sharks off the Central Coast using data-collecting tags.

If you wish to know more about the white shark research at the Monterey Bay Aquarium you can visit www.montereybayaquarium.org/whiteshark/.

According to Christian Agrillo, an experimental psychologist at the University of Padua in Italy, the North American mosquito fish can count up to four. This rudimentary mathematical ability makes it possible for the North American mosquito fish to count how many other fish that are nearby – but only up to four. Similar counting abilities have already been observed in dolphins, but until now researchers only new that fish could tell big shoals from small ones, not that they were able to actually count.

In earlier research, Agrillo and his colleagues found that a female specimen of the North American mosquito fish will swim to the largest nearby shoal to protect herself from a harassing male. In order to do so, she must of course be able to somehow tell the difference between a larger shoal and a smaller one.

To establish exactly how advanced the counting ability of the North American mosquito fish was, Agrillo et al continued their research by testing if a lone specimen would prefer to join a shoal consisting of 2, 3 or 4 other fish. The study showed that female fish could tell the difference between two shoals even when the shoal size differed by only one specimen. Females would significantly more often prefer to join a shoal consisting of four others rather than three, and would also favour shoals comprised of three fish rather than of two.

When a new series of experiments were conducted using even larger shoals, researchers found that the female North American mosquito fish were unable to directly count over four. If two shoals differed in size by a ratio of 2:1 she would go for the larger one, but if the difference was smaller she seemed to conclude that they were “both big”. She would for instance not favour a shoal consisting of 12 fish over a shoal of 8, but could clearly tell a shoal of 16 from a shoal of 8. The female North American mosquito fish therefore seems to have the ability to estimate larger numbers, but not very exactly.

The results of the study can be found on BBC’s site Loveearth.com

New animal cruelty laws in Switzerland deem recreational fishing as animal cruelty.

The law ban catch and release fishing as the authorities have found that this fishing technique is morally wrong as it in facts is the practice of torturing animals for fun. You will however still be able to fish if you kill and/or eat the fish you catch as this is not consider recreational fishing as it has another purpose than just your enjoyment. The new law also outlaws using live fish as bait. It does not appear to regulate other types of live bait items.

This new laws make the Swiss fishing laws some of the most strict / if not the strictest, in the world today.

I usually don’t like to write about rumours and speculations but sometimes they are interesting enough to warrant a few rows here in the news section. There is a growing speculation and fear among tuna fisherman that tuna fishing will be strictly regulated or banned before the end of the year.

The speculations state that a complete ban on Tune fishing in the entire Atlantic Ocean will be announced in November during the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna meeting in Morocco. This would be a result of plummeting tuna populations and increased pressure from environmental organisations. American fishermen are believed to be among those supporting a complete ban which might be true as the US have a very small tuna fishing industry. The only exception from the ban would be sport fishing.

There is also a rumour that the tuna fishing ban won’t be limited to the Atlantic but that a global tuna fishing ban might be close to being announced. It is unclear whether the ban would include all tuna species or only the blue fin tuna but the later seems more likely.

Personally I find the announcement of a global or even an Atlantic tuna fishing ban very doubtful even if I would appreciate the imitative. (Despite the fact that I love grilled tuna) A tuna fishing ban in the Mediterranean seems more likely but might also meet more resistance due to large fishing operations present there. It is also doubtful if such a ban would be respected in the Mediterranean as the fishermen there have a history of breaking the rules such as in this incident I reported about earlier this year.

What do you guys think? Will we see a Tuna ban before the end of the year? Is one needed?

A lot of fish have died following poor event planning before the Cairns triathlon. The organiser strung jellyfish nets across the Marlin Marina in cairns as a part of the event planning for the triathlon Authorities decided to leave the nets in during the night but forgot about the tide. Large schools of fish were caught in the net and when the tide rolled out the fish ended up above water and died. The nets were placed to prevent swimmers from being stung by jellyfish.

Event organisers and the Department of Fisheries and Primary Industries last night defended the event planning and use of the nets and said it was an “unusual” accident. The net was approved by DPIF and marine parks is of the same type the use around beaches to protect beach goers against jellyfish. DPIF is going to investigate the accident.

Officials also defended not taking down the nets immediately after the fish kill was discovered.

One of the involved believes the fish were chased into the net by a predator.

Paul Johnston, a local boat owner was shocked by the scene. He seem to have less faith in the event planners and says that “There will be another low tide and it’s all going to happen again”

Video from the accident

New research have shown that fish are much smarter than scientist previously thought and many fish species as just as intelligent as rats.

Dr Mike Webster of St Andrews University have researched the intelligence in fish and his research shows that fish shows clear signs of intelligence when they are in danger. He says that:
“It is probably accurate to say that many fishes such as minnows, sticklebacks and guppies are capable of the same intellectual feats as rats or mice.

Goldfish don’t have goldfish memories

His experiments have shown how fish use techniques learned through shared learning to avoid predators. He discovered that a fish that is separated from the shoal by a clear plastic divider will make its own decisions on how to avoid predators while a fish that is kept with other fish will decide on how to act by watching the rest of the fish and the choices they make.

Dr Mike Webster claims that “These experiments provide clear evidence that minnows increasingly rely on social learning as the basis for their foraging decisions as the perceived threat of a predator increases.”

He further claims that this dispels the old myths of goldfish memory and that fish have notoriously poor memories.

I am sure the fact that fish are smarter than they are given credit for doesn’t come as a surprise for any aquarist, especially not to aquarists that have kept South or Central American cichlids like jags and Oscars. Species that are know to depress if they get under stimulated and that sometimes (some specimens) don’t eat if the owner is away.

Regular salmon

Biologists keeping track of the sockeye salmon populations in central Idaho (Sawtooth Mountains) have good news to report. More sockeye than in any other year in the last two decades have made their way pass the eight dams on the Columbia and Snake rivers and returned to idaho. 507 fish have been counted so far. That might not sound much but considering that the number has been in the single digits each of the last five years and that only 16 wild sockeye returned between 1991 and 1998 it is a large improvement. It might however be too early to start celebrating as 257 sockeye returned in 2000 followed by a number of bad years.

The improvement is believed to be due to the fact that 180,000 smolts were released in Idaho lakes in 2006. Some of the returning fish are likely artificially spawned at the Eagle Fish Hatchery in Southwestern Idaho as part of a program to help boost the sockeye populations around the Sawtooth Mountains.

The 507 returning fish might be a better number than in many years but it is still no where near the historical levels of Sockeye salmon that once wandered the 900 miles from the Pacific Ocean to Idaho lakes like Redfish, Pettit and Alturas. As many as 35,000 sockeye used to return each year. The population decline is believed to be primarily due to four dams along the lower Snake River in Eastern Washington.