Tilapia - Not the record breaking fish

The black depths of the St. Lucie River’s South Fork have really been making waves, and provided quite a catch for an angler.

This past Tuesday evening, Pamela Henry was having a nice quiet time fishing from her dock on the waterway. As she was lazily tossing balls of dough into the water, some of which had peanut butter, she gazed upon a myriad of different kinds of fish which fought over them. However, after repeatedly seeing the mouth of a big “snapper-like looking fish,” Henry thought it was high time to grab a pole and try her luck.

“I just grabbed the first rod I could find and it ended up being one of my old spinning outfits,” commented Henry. “It had 20-pound test line and no leader, but I was going to catch that fish.”

Henry opted to use a soft dough ball for the bait – as she explained that the fish don’t like hard balls- and cast her line into the water, complete with a bobber made of styrofoam.

Reeling in Tilapia with a rod is not an easy thing to accomplish, Henry explained. First of all, they are vegetarians, but secondly, there is something off about the way they feed.

“You have to be patient with a tilapia. They suck in the bait, then spit it out again before they really eat it,” she went on to explain.

Well all her patience paid off, as she reeled in a whopper of a Tilapia, weighing in at 9 pounds, 6 ounces. By all accounts it’s a record breaker.. Congratulation Pamela!

The work towards replenishing depleted stocks of wild sea cucumber with captive hatched ones is moving forward at a steady pace; two Philippine hatcheries has now successfully managed to hatch sea cucumbers outside their natural habitat and one batch, comprised of roughly 2,000 juveniles, has been released inside sea pens in the Philippines.

The sea cucumbers, a broad range of species belonging to the family Stichopodidae, are currently facing both overharvesting and habitat destruction in the wild, and the two Philipine hatcheries are both part of a research project carried out by the University of the Philippines Mindanao (UPM); a project aiming to mitigate the problem of overharvesting through sea

farming.

The first hatchery is a 6,000-square-meter laboratory located within a Barangay Binugay resort owned by the JV Ayala Group of Companies, while other one is situated inside Alson’s, an intensive tilapia operator.

The Barangay Binugay laboratory does not have any breeding stock; instead it collects the eggs from wild sea cucumbers, place them in a tank and fertilize them using drops of sperm – a method inspired by a Vietnamese sandfish sea cucumber hatchery and grow-out facility in tilapia .

The first Philippine batch of tiny cucumbers, each weighing no more than three grams, has now been released inside sea pens near the Barangay Binugay laboratory. Carefully, each individual cucumber was buried just below the surface of the soft sea bottom inside 78-square-meter Australian-designed sea pens.

With a history dating back to at least the Sultanate days in Mindanao, sea cucumber trading is a time honoured tradition as well as an important source of income for the Philippines. The country is currently the second largest exporter of beche-de-mer (dried sea cucumber) in the world, second only to neighbouring Indonesia, and diminishing cucumber populations are threatening the livelihood of countless families.

Beche-de-mer is currently priced at roughly 4,500 Philippine pesos per kilogram (roughly 94 USD/kg), and since large specimens are becoming increasingly rare purchasers are no longer very discerning when it comes to size. Even small cucumbers that should have been left to mature can now be sold to unscrupulous purchasers.

Did you know…..?

… that sea cucumbers are known as the earth-worms of the sea since they recycle detritus and burrow under the sand? These animals carry out an essential ecological task as they continuously shift and mix the sea bead and if they were to disappear it would have serious consequences.

… that at depths below 8.8 km (5.5 miles), sea cucumbers comprise 90% of the total mass of the macro fauna?

… that sea cucumbers aren’t appreciated as food only; some people believe them to be effective against arthritis and high blood pressure?

…that sea cucumbers have been observed engaging in mass-spawnings triggered by the moon? One species is for instance known to spawn three nights after the full moon, while two other species have been seen spawning three nights after the first quarter moon.

… that sea cucumbers have been traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and that some people still use them for this purpose today?

…that large sea cucumbers often are harvested by so called hookah diving, where divers breathe through long tubes connected to an oxygen compressor aboard a boat instead of using normal scuba tanks.

When Kate Stoeckle, 18, and Louisa Strauss, 17, collected samples of fish from New York fish stores and restaurants on Upper Manhattan and tested them using the new genetic barcoding method, an astonishingly large portion of the samples turned out to be mislabelled and sold under the wrong name. A sushi restaurant claiming to offer white tuna was for instance serving their guests Mozambique tilapia instead, while another restaurant sold Spotted goatfish from the Caribbean Sea under the name Mediterranean red mullet.

Red Snappers

All in all, Stoeckle and Strauss collected 60 different samples of fish and had them tested at the University of Guelph in Canada. Four samples could not be identified by the genetic barcoding identification technique, but of the remaining 56 samples no less than 14 turned out to be mislabelled. This means that out of 56 samples, a whooping 25 percent were sold under false pretences.

All 14 cases of mislabelled fish consisted of comparatively cheap fish being sold as a more expensive species. It is therefore hard to see how the mislabelling could be the result of honest mistakes by fishermen or middlemen.

Not getting what you pay for as a consumer is however not the only problem with mislabelled fish; a false identity can also be used to sell endangered species to unsuspecting dinner guests. In the Stoeckle and Strauss study, two samples of alleged red snapper did for instance turn out to be endangered Acadian redfish (Sebastes fasciatus). The Acadian redfish has been listed as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species since 1996.

The study did not unveil the names of the restaurants and fish shops since it could not be determined if they were intentionally misleading their customers or if they had purchased the mislabelled fish in good faith.

Stoeckle and Strauss are both students at New York’s Trinity school.