Red snapper

A large amount of New Zealand’s seagrass have been killed by sediments released from land development. The seagrass bed at Whangarei Harbour has for instance been reduced from 14 sq km in the 1960s to virtually non-existant today. And sedimentation this is not a new problem – between 1959 and 1966 Tauranga Harbour lost 90 per cent of its seagrass.

Researchers at New Zealands’s National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research are now fitting the floor of the Whangapoua Estuary with plastic seagrass in an attempt to show how New Zealand’s fish stocks could be boosted by restoring the seagrass habitats. The “seagrass” consists of plastic fronds attached to wire frames, and the length of the fronds varies from 5 cm to 30 cm.

“We made them with tantalising long blades of artificial grass, the things fish really go for,” says NIWA fisheries ecologist Dr Mark Morrison. “What we found, initially, is that fish are really looking for shelter and seagrasses provide good protection to fish.”

The largest density of fish could be found where the density of seagrass was also at its largest.

Fish is now being tagged to make it possible for the researchers to track both growth rate and survival rate.

Well, this guy just doesn’t sleep does he? David Mullins, super kiwi, has beaten yet another world record. However, even he has conceded that a third record today may just be pushing the envelope a bit too far.

Mr. Mullins swam 218 meters beneath the waves, without the assistance of fins, at the Porirua Aquatic Center yesterday to break the shared record of 213 meters he had with Tom Sietas of Germany.

He was a tad short of his personal best of 232 meters, which happens to be a record in New Zealand, but it has yet to be officially recognized by the international judges of such things.

The stress of his swim of 265 meters, performed with fins, left Mullins a bit short on energy, but it did nothing for his determination to keep blowing records out of the water left right and center.

“I was pretty shattered [on Sunday] and I was coming right [yesterday] but I still wasn’t 100 per cent,” he said. “You only really know that halfway into the swim. I wasn’t feeling fantastic, but good enough.” Mullins commented.

He could literally feel his muscles giving in to fatigue earlier than usual, and he also felt light-headed early on, and this told him things just weren’t quite kosher. He didn’t want the record to be quashed by passing out while swimming, so he surfaced instead.

So he didn’t do the full 232 meters, 218 is still good enough in our book. One has to ask, what will Mullins do next?

The mysterious deaths among dogs visiting the beaches of Auckland have now been solved; they were caused by tropical pufferfish.

Tropical pufferfish contains a highly potent toxin known as tetrodotoxin. They are considered a delicacy in Japan, but will be a deadly indulgence unless prepared by an expert pufferfish chef. Even just touching a pufferfish can be lethal.

Tests done by the Cawthron Institute found tetrodotoxin in the vomit of one of the dogs that died after visiting Narrow Neck beach, and the toxin was also present in a sea slug sample taken from the same beach. How the toxin got into the sea slug remains unknown.

If members of the public find unusually large numbers of fish and other dead animals they should report these to the MAF Biosecurity New Zealand emergency pest and disease hotline 0800-809-966.

Australia and New Zealand announced Thursday that they will carry out a six-week long non-lethal whale research expedition in the Antarctic early next year. Dubbing the expedition non-lethal is a direct challenge to Japan’s research program that kills up to 1,000 whales a year.

Iceland and Norway are the only two countries openly defying the IWC ban on commercial whaling; Japan is instead using a lope whole that allows for “lethal research”. Whale meat resulting from the Japanese research is sold for human consumption and many critics claim that this is the real motive behind the program.

In a joint statement, Australia and New Zealand announced their intentions to reform science management within the International Whaling Commission, which holds its annual meeting in Madeira, Portugal, next week, and end Japan’s “so-called scientific whaling.”

“This expedition and the ongoing research program will demonstrate to the world that we do not need to kill whales to study and understand them,” said Australian Environment Minister Peter Garrett.

The expedition aims to increase our knowledge of population structures, abundance, trends, distribution, and the ecological role of whales in the Southern Ocean.

During the latest Japanese hunt, which ended in April, 679 minke whales and one fin whale was killed over a period of five months.

Japan needed to cede more ground, says outgoing head of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) William Hogarth*, voicing regrets over his failure to design a compromise regarding Japanese “lethal research” on whales.

After a meeting next month in Portugal, Hogarth will step down as both US delegate and head of the world whaling body. While announcing his disappointment in leaving the chairmanship without having resolved the “scientific whaling” issue, Hogarth also said that his efforts brought civility to the IWC, where annual meetings had long been showdowns between pro- and anti-whaling nations.

Norway and Iceland are the only nations that hunt whales in open defiance of the 1986 IWC moratorium; Japan is instead using a loophole in the moratorium that allows for lethal research.

In a series of closed-door negotiations with Japan and other nations lead by Hogarth, Japan allegedly offered to reduce but not end its annual Antarctic whale hunts; an offer which infuriated the neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand.

Japan accuses Western nations of cultural insensitivity and is currently pushing for the IWC to accept whaling of the coast of Japan, since whaling is a time-honoured Japanese tradition.

One of the highlights of Hogarth’s time as head of the International Whaling Commission was a compromise brokered by him in 2007, in which Japan agreed to suspend plans to expand its hunt to include Humpback whales – a species that haven’t been hunted by Japanese whalers for several decades.

* William Hogarth is a biologist and dean of the University of South Florida’s College of Marine Science.